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OROZA Carlos
Le chaos ou le contrôle : l’interventionnisme militaire américain à l’ère du terrorisme international
Thèse en Sciences sociales, soutenue le 17 février 2023.
Mots clés : États-Unis, guerre civile, violence politique, guerre limitée, intervention militaire, Irak, insurrection, guerre contre la terreur, terrorisme, Clausewitz, Galula, politique interne, réalisme, jeu à deux niveaux
The terrorist attacks in New York and in Washington marked the beginning of the U.S. war on terror and a period of interventionism in the Middle East while also sparking debate about the dawn of the post-Westphalian international order, which is characterized in part by the capacity of non-state actors to inflict state level violence. The central question posed by this dissertation seeks to qualify the threat posed by terrorist organizations and to understand from a theoretical perspective why a superpower at the peak of its unipolar moment would consider weak and failing states as a greater threat to national security than other great powers. This reshuffling of traditional ordinal realist principals requires reflection on the mechanism of threat and influence posed by these groups and particularly the interplay of levels of analysis – Waltz’s second (inside the state) or third level (inside the state system) – on the manner in which the United States has intervened during this period. Constrained and molded by an increasingly divisive political environment, the U.S. military planning process for American involvement in extra-systemic conflicts highlight an overreliance on and the excessive use of force to achieve strategic end-states without properly maintaining Clausewitz’ trinity in balance. With our multidisciplinary approach, this dissertation seeks to modify Robert Putnam’s theoretical approach to capture the international-domestic interplay inherent in the decision-making process to intervene against the Islamic State in Iraq in 2014.
Keywords : United States, civil wars, political violence, limited wars, military intervention, Iraq, insurrection, the war on terror, terrorism, Clausewitz, Galula, domestic politics, realism, two-level game.Directeur de thèse : OROZA Carlos
Membres du jury :
- M. DAVID François, Directeur de thèse, Professeur des universités, université du Littoral, Côte d'opale, Dunkerque,
-Mme CHELINI-PONT Blandine, Rapporteure, Professeure des universités, université Aix-Marseille, Aix-en Provence,
-Mme RAFLIK Jenny, Rapporteure, Professeure des universités, Nantes Université,
-Mme BANNELIER-CHRISTAKIS Karine, Maître de conférences HDR, université Grenoble-Alpes,
-Mme CIZEL Annick, Maître de conférences, université Sorbonne-Nouvelle, Paris,
-M. MICHELOT Vincent, Professeur des universités en détachement auprès de l’Ambassade de France à Washington,
-M. ZAJEC Olivier, Professeur des universités, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3.
Président du jury : Vincent MICHELOT